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proved ore

  • 1 proved ore

    English-Russian dictionary of geology > proved ore

  • 2 proved ore

    1) Геология: достоверные запасы (руды, полезного ископаемого), установленная руда

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > proved ore

  • 3 proved ore

    < min> ■ nachgewiesenes Erz n

    English-german technical dictionary > proved ore

  • 4 proved ore

    stwierdzone zasoby złoża rudy

    English-Polish dictionary for engineers > proved ore

  • 5 proved ore

    English-Russian mining dictionary > proved ore

  • 6 ore

    1. руда 2. рудный минерал
    ores as fillings жильные руды
    ores as intense replacements метасоматические руды
    ore in place рудный массив
    ore in sight достоверные запасы руды
    ore of igneous origin руда магматического происхождения
    acicular iron ore игольчатая железная руда
    aggregated ore массивная сульфидная руда (в которой сульфиды составляют 20% и больше от общего объёма)
    alveolar ore ячеистая руда
    antimony ore сурьмяная руда
    assured ore достоверные запасы руды
    band(ed) ore полосчатая руда
    base ore бедная руда
    beach ore пляжевая [прибрежная] россыпь; пляжевый концентрат
    bean ore бобовая (железная) руда, пизолитовый железняк
    Bessemer ore бессемеровская (железная) руда
    bird's-eye ore пятнистая руда, руда с «птичьим глазом»
    bismuth ore висмутовая руда
    black ore частично разложившийся медьсодержащий пирит
    black-band ore разновидность глинистого железняка
    black iron ore магнетит
    black lead ore чёрная разновидность церуссита
    blistered copper ore почкообразная разновидность халькопирита
    block ore блоковая руда
    blocked-out ore подготовленная к выемке руда
    blue copper ore азурит, синий малахит (см. тж. azurite)
    blue lead ore уст. синевато-серая разновидность галенита
    bog ore болотная руда
    bog iron ore болотная железная руда, лимонит
    bonanza ore бонанцовая руда
    botryoidal iron ore гроздевидная железная руда
    brass ore 1. см. aurichalcite 2. pl. комплексные сфалерит-халькопиритовые руды
    brittle silver ore хрупкая серебряная руда, стефанит (см. тж. stephanite)
    brown iron ore лимонит; бурый железняк
    brown manganese ore манганит, бурая руда марганца
    brush ore железная руда сталактитового строения
    calcareous iron — железная руда, содержащая карбонат кальция
    canary ore жёлтая землистая серебросодержащая свинцовая руда (состоящая из пироморфита, биндгеймита и массикота)
    carbonate ore руда, содержащая значительное количество карбонатной группы chrome
    iron ore хромит (см. тж. chromite)
    Clinton ore руда клинтонского типа (красная железная руда, содержащая органические ископаемые остатки; приуроченная к формации Клинтон)
    cobalt ore кобальтовая руда
    cocarde [cockade] ore кокардовая [кольчатая] руда
    cogwheel ore свинцовая блёклая руда
    compact iron ore сплошная железная руда
    complex ore 1. полиметаллическая руда 2. сложная труднообогатимая руда
    coon-tail ore руда «енотовый хвост»
    copper ore медная руда
    copper pitch ore хризоколла (см. тж. chrysocolla)
    coral ore разновидность киновари (содержащая примесь фосфатов, глины и органических веществ)
    crop ore обогащенная оловянная руда высшего качества
    crude ore необогащённая руда
    crust ore корковая руда
    crystalline iron ore кристаллическая железная руда; железная руда,образованная в результате перекристаллизации
    cube ore фармакосидерит, Fe3(As04)2
    developed ore подсечённая выработками руда; подготовленные запасы рудного месторождения
    developing ore частично подготовленная для выемки руда; подготавливаемые запасы рудного месторождения
    disseminated ore вкрапленная руда
    drag ore рудная брекчия, брекчированная руда
    dredgy ore порода, пронизанная тонкими рудными прожилками
    dressed ore обогащенная руда
    dry ore 1. серебряная руда с малым содержанием свинца 2. сухая руда
    dry-bone ore 1. галмей (землистая пористая разновидность смитсонита) 2. каламин
    dust ore выветрелая руда
    earthy iron ore пористая (землистая) железная руда
    earthy lead ore землистая разновидность церус сита
    earthy red iron ore красная охра
    efflorescent ore выветрелая руда; руда с выцветами на обнажённой поверхности или по плоскостям отдельности
    expected ore ожидаемая [предполагаемая] руда
    extension ore 1. продолжение рудного тела (зоны оруденения) 2. возможные (неразведанные) запасы руды
    fahl ore блёклая медная руда
    fausted ore рудные высевки, отвал малопроцентной руды
    feather ore волокнистый джемсонит, перистая руда
    fibrous iron ore железная руда с волокнистой текстурой
    fine ore рудная мелочь, мелкозернистая руда
    fine iron ore порошкообразная железная руда
    flag ore слоистый гематит, богатый кремнезёмом; плитняковая руда
    flaxseed ore оолитовая руда; оолитовая железная РУДа
    float ore 1. валунная руда 2. отторженные от коренных выходов обломки жильного материала
    fluxing ore флюксующаяся руда
    fossil ore руда, содержащая обломки остатков ископаемых организмов; руда с окаменелостями
    free-milling ore легко обрабатываемая при обогащении руда
    friable iron ore выветрелая землистая железная руда
    future ore геологические предпосылки открытия рудной залежи; прогноз оруденения
    galenical iron ore железная руда с содержанием сернистого свинца
    geological ore см. possible ore
    gold ore золотая руда, золотосодержащий кварц
    gray manganese ore 1. манганит (см. тж. manganite) 2. пиролюзит (см. тж. pyrolusite)
    green lead ore пироморфит (см. тж. pyromorphite)
    halo ore краевая руда (руда ореола или внешней части зоны минерализации)
    hard ore твёрдая руда
    hard cobalt ore скуттерудит (мышьяково-кобальтовый колчедан; см. тж. skutterudite)
    hematite iron ore кровавик, красная железная руда, гематит
    hidden ore скрытая руда
    high-grade ore высокосортная руда
    horseflesh ore борнит (см. тж. bornite)
    horsetail ore рудное тело, заключающее серию мелких жил, ответвляющихся от главной жилы
    hortonolite-dunite ore гортонолито-дунитовая руда
    impregnation ore импрегнированная руда
    indicated ore подсчитанные запасы руды
    inferred ore прогнозные запасы руды
    iron ore железная руда, железняк
    kidney ore почковидная руда, «стеклянная голова» (разновидность гематита)
    knock-back ore руда, смешанная с баритом
    lacustrine iron ore озёрный бурый железняк
    lake ore озёрная руда, вад, бурый железняк; лимонит, отложившийся на дне озера
    lean ore бедная руда
    light red silver ore прустит, светло-красная серебряная руда
    liver ore куприт, красная медная руда (разновидность киновари)
    lode ore рудная жила
    low-grade ore низкосортная руда
    lump ore кусковая руда
    magnetic iron ore магнетит; магнитный железняк, магнитная железная руда
    manganese ore марганцевая руда
    marsh ore болотная руда
    meadow ore луговая руда
    mercuric horn ore ртутная роговая руда, каломель, природная хлористая ртуть
    micaceous iron ore железная слюдка (разновидность гематита)
    milling ore руда, требующая обогащения; второсортная руда
    minette ore оолитовая железная руда, оолитовый лимонит
    mock ore сфалерит, цинковая обманка (см. тж. sphalerite)
    morass ore см. bog iron ore
    mottled ore грубопятнистая руда
    needle ore игольчатая руда (см. тж. aikinite l.)
    needle iron ore игольчатый железняк, игольчатый гетит
    needle tin ore игольчатый касситерит
    nodular ore почковидная [конкреционная] руда
    nodular iron ore почковидная [конкреционная] железная руда
    octahedral copper ore куприт (см. тж. cuprite)
    octahedral iron ore магнетит (см. тж. magnetite)
    olive ore оливенит, мышьяково-медная руда (см. тж. olivenite)
    oolitic iron ore оолитовая железная руда, оолитовый лимонит
    oxidized ore окисленная руда
    paramagnetic ore парамагнитная руда (руда, содержащая парамагнитные минералы)
    pay ore промышленная [коммерческая] руда
    peachblossom ore эритрит (см. тж. erithrite)
    peacock (copper) ore пёстрая [«павлинья»] медная руда
    pea (iron) ore гороховая руда (пизолитовый лимонит; разновидность бобовой руды)
    pencil ore грифельная руда
    phosphatic iron ore железная руда, содержащая фосфор
    picked ore вкрапленная руда
    pipe ore железная руда в виде вертикальных столбов в глине
    pisolitic iron ore бобовая (железная) руда, пизолитовый железняк
    pitch ore 1. урановая смолка 2. смоляная медная руда
    pitchy iron ore питтицит (водный арсенат и сульфат железа непостоянного состава)
    plumbum ore свинцовая руда
    plush-copper ore халькотрихит (волосовидный куприт)
    porphyry ore порфировая (вкрапленная) руда
    positive ore достоверные (подсчитанные) запасы руды
    possible ore возможные (неразведанные) запасы руды
    potential ore потенциальные запасы руды
    powder ore порошковая руда
    powdery iron ore порошкообразная железная руда
    primary ore первичная руда
    probable ore 1. предполагаемые запасы руд 2. прогнозные руды, прогнозные запасы
    prospective ore перспективные запасы руды
    proved ore установленные запасы руды
    purple ore пурпуровая руда
    purple copper ore борнит (см. тж. bornite)
    radium ore радиевая руда
    rattlesnake ore пятнистая руда, состоящая из карнотита и ваноксита (руда типа "гремучей змеи")
    raw ore необогащённая руда; сырая руда
    rebellious ore 1. упорное золото; золото в рубашке 2. трудно поддающаяся обработке руда
    red ore красная руда (гематит и метахьюэттит)
    red copper ore красная медная руда, куприт (см. тж. cuprite)
    red iron ore красный железняк, железный блеск, гематит, α-Fе2О3
    red lead ore крокоит, PbCrO4
    red manganese ore красная марганцевая руда (родонит, родохрозит и примеси)
    red silver ore красная серебряная руда (прустит, пираргирит)
    red zinc ore цинкит, (Zn, Mn)0
    refractory ore руда, извлечение металла из которой требует больших затрат
    refuse ore отвал, моечные отходы руд, остатки после обогащения руд
    replacement ore руда замещения
    rich ore 1. руда с высоким содержанием металла 2. обогащенная руда
    ring ore кокардовая [кольчатая] руда
    rock ore руда на месте залегания
    shining ore железные блеск, гематит, красный железняк, α-Fе2О3
    shipping ore первоклассная руда, пригодная для выхода на рынок без предварительного обогащения
    silver lead ore серебросодержащий галенит
    slaggy brown iron ore шлаковидный бурый железняк
    small ore порошкообразная [размельчённая] руда
    small iron ore порошкообразная железная руда
    soft iron ore мягкая железная руда
    solid ore руда на месте залегания или в жиле; крепкая нетронутая руда
    sparry iron ore сидерит
    specimen ore особенно богатое или хорошо раскристаллизованное рудное тело
    specular iron ore железный блеск, красный железняк, гематит, спекулярит
    sphere ore кокардовая [кольчатая] руда
    steel ore железная руда, пригодная для производства стали
    sulfide ore сульфидная руда
    sulfur ore серная руда; самородная сера; пирит
    swamp ore болотная железная руда, лимонит
    tile ore черепитчатая руда (разновидность куприта)
    tin ore касситерит, оловянный камень (см. тж. cassiterit)
    titanic iron ore ильменит, титанистый железняк (см. тж. ilmenite)
    titaniferous iron ore железная руда с содержанием титана, титанистая железная руда
    turkey-fat ore оранжевая разновидность смитсонита, «индюшачья» руда (США)
    unmagnetic ore немагнитная руда
    uranium ores урановые руды (пригодные для разработки)
    vanadium ores ванадиевые руды
    velvet copper ore леттсомит, цианотрихит, бархатная медная руда (см. тж. cyanotrichite)
    visible ore руда, которую можно наблюдать в естественном или искусственном разрезе
    water-bearing iron ore водонасыщенная железная РУДа
    wheel ore бурнонит (кристаллы-двойники, образующие концентрические рисунки; см. тж. bour-nonite)
    white iron ore сидерит, железный шпат, шпатовый железняк (см. тж. siderite)
    white lead ore церуссит, белая свинцовая руда, углекислый свинец (см. тж. cerussite)
    white silver — серебросодержащий тетраэдрит
    wood iron ore деревянистый железняк
    yellow ore жёлтая руда (карнотит и халькопирит)
    yellow copper ore см. chalcopyrite
    yellow lead ore см. wulfenite
    zinc ore см. zincite
    * * *

    English-Russian dictionary of geology > ore

  • 7 proved reserve

    English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > proved reserve

  • 8 malm

    ore
    malm i fast klyft; solid ore
    anrikad malm; dressed ore
    anrikningsmalm; concentrating ore, enrichment ore
    avfallsmalm; tailings
    bruten malm; broken ground
    bryta malm; mine
    brytvärd malm; pay ore
    engående malm; self-fluxing ore
    fattigmalm; low grade ore, halvings, lean ore
    finmalm; fines
    finkornig malm; fine ore, small ore
    fjädermalm; feather ore
    harpad malm; screened ore
    hårdmalm; hard ore
    högvärdig malm; high-grade ore
    impregnationsmalm; disseminated ore, impregnation ore
    inpackningsmalm; annealing ore
    järnmalm; iron ore
    kismalm; pyrite ore
    kladdig malm; sticky ore
    komplex malm; complex ore, mixed ore
    kornig malm; granular ore
    kulformig malm; nodular ore
    kvartsrik malm; quartzose ore
    kvicksilvermalm; quick ore
    lateritmalm; lateritic ore
    lågvärd malm; low grade ore
    lösskjuten malm; blasted ore
    manganmalm; manganese ore
    magnetitmalm; magnetic ore
    mald malm; milled ore
    minettmalm; oolite iron ore
    mullmalm; dust iron, earthy hematite (hematit)
    myrmalm; bog iron ore, marsh ore
    möjlig malm; inferred ore, possible ore
    nodulmalm; kidney ore
    porfyrisk malm; porphyry ore
    primärmalm; protore
    påvisad malm; ore blocked out, proved ore
    randig malm; banded ore
    ren malm; clean ore
    rik malm; high-grade ore
    rostad malm; calcined ore, roasted ore
    råmalm; crude ore, raw ore
    sannolik malm; probable ore
    sedimentär malm; sedimentary ore
    selenmalm; selenium ore
    siktad malm; screened ore
    sjömalm; bog iron ore, lake ore
    skarnmalm; skarn ore
    skrädmalm; bucking ore
    sovrad malm; clean ore, dressed ore
    styckemalm; lump ore, lumps, rubbles
    sulfidmalm; sulphide ore
    svartmalm; black ore
    svavelhaltig malm; sulphurous ore
    svårsmält malm; refractory ore
    talliummalm; thallium ores
    tellurmalm; tellurium ore
    tennmalm; tin ore
    tillredd malm; developed ore
    tillsatsmalm; fluxing ore
    titanmalm; titanium ores
    toriummalm; thorium ores
    uppfordrad malm; run-of-mine ore
    uppsluppen malm; blocked out of ore
    urbergsmalm; primary rock ore
    varpmalm; waste heap ore
    vaskmalm; alluvial ore, alluvion ore, luvial ore, steam ore
    vaskad malm; buddled ore
    vittrad malm; weathered ore
    volframmalm; tungstate
    zinkmalm; zinc ore

    Svensk-engelsk geologi lexikon > malm

  • 9 достоверные рудные запасы

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > достоверные рудные запасы

  • 10 установленная руда

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > установленная руда

  • 11 stwierdzone zasoby złoża rudy

    • positive ore
    • proved ore

    Słownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > stwierdzone zasoby złoża rudy

  • 12 достоверные запасы

    6) Sakhalin energy glossary: measured reserves

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > достоверные запасы

  • 13 установленные запасы руды

    Makarov: proved ore

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > установленные запасы руды

  • 14 nachgewiesenes Erz

    n < min> ■ proved ore

    German-english technical dictionary > nachgewiesenes Erz

  • 15 доказанные запасы полезных ископаемых

    полезное ископаемое, рудный минерал — ore mineral

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > доказанные запасы полезных ископаемых

  • 16 prove

    1. I
    leave the dough covered until it has proved пусть тесто постоит накрытым, пока оно не подойдет
    2. III
    prove smth.
    1) prove the rule (the contrary, the necessity of a reform, the roundness of the earth, etc.) доказывать правило и т.д., приводить доказательства правила и т.д.; prove one's point of view (the truth of the statement, smb.'s claim, etc.) аргументировать /мотивировать/ свою точку зрения и т.д.; prove one's good will доказывать свое доброе отношение; prove this theory (this doctrine) обосновывать данную теорию (доктрину); prove theorems доказывать теоремы; prove the fact (one's identity, smb.'s innocence, one's achievements, etc.) доказывать /подтверждать/ факт и т.д.; it proves his abilities (her honesty, their achievements, the peace of her soul, a man's worth, etc.) это свидетельствует /говорит/ о его способностях и т.д.; can you prove it? вы можете доказать это?; he was unable to prove the truth of what he said он был не в состоянии обосновать /доказать/ правильность своих положений; the exception proves the rule исключение лишь подтверждает правило; prove a will юр. доказать или установить подлинность завещания, утвердить завещание
    2) prove a new type of aeroplane (a new gun, gunpowder, etc.) испытывать новый тип самолета и т.д.; prove ore (minerals, etc.) определять качество или состав породы и т.д.; prove gold определять пробу золота; prove smb.'s patience испытывать чье-л. терпение
    3. IV
    prove smth. in some wag prove smth. indisputably /undeniably/ (conclusively /irrefutably/, substantially, ultimately, statistically, etc.) неоспоримо и т.д. доказать что-л.; he proved it experimentally он доказал это опытным путем /экспериментально/
    4. VII
    prove smth., smb. to be of some quality prove the statement to be true (him to be equal to this task, etc.) доказывать /подтверждать/ справедливость этого утверждения и т.д.; this letter proves him to be still alive это письмо говорит о том, что он еще жив; prove smb. to be smth. prove oneself to be a capable general проявить себя способным генералом
    5. XI
    be proved it remains to be proved это еще надо доказать; be proved in some manner his guilt was clearly proved его вина /виновность/ была полностью доказана; be proved by smth. it has been proved by evidence это было подтверждено /доказано/ свидетельскими показаниями; be proved from smth. it was proved from another fact доказательством послужил другой факт; be proved against smb. it has been proved against him было доказано, что он виновен; против него были приведены веские доказательства; be proved being in some state he was proved innocent (guilty) было доказано, что он (не)виновен
    6. XIII
    prove to be smb., smth. prove to be a coward (to be an impostor, to be a good wife, to be a forgery, to be a deception, etc.) оказаться трусом и т.д.; the novel proved to be a success роман имел успех; prove to be of some quality prove to be erroneous (to be correct, to be useful, to be unproductive, to be successful, to be puzzling, to be insufficient, etc.) оказываться ошибочным и т.д.; the rumour proved to be true (false) слух (не) подтвердился, слух оказался верным (ложным)
    7. XV
    prove being in some state it proved useless это оказалось бесполезным; the rumour proved false слух оказался ложным /не подтвердился/; he proved unequal to his task он не смог справиться с порученной ему работой; the wound proved fatal рана оказалась смертельной
    8. XVI
    prove of smth. prove of little use (of no use, of permanent value to smb., of service to smb., of interest to me, of immense advantage, etc.) оказаться не очень полезным и т.д.
    9. XVIII
    prove oneself smb. he has already proved himself a bold speaker он уже доказал, что является смелым оратором; prove oneself a match for smb. оказаться достойным противником для кого-л.; prove oneself of some kind prove oneself worthy of confidence (capable of doing it, loyal to his friends, etc.) доказать, что ты достоин доверия и т.д.
    10. XXI1
    prove smth. to smb. prove one's innocence to the jury доказывать присяжным свою невиновность; prove smth. by (beyond) smth. prove smth. by arithmetic (by the strongest evidence, by adversity, etc.) доказывать /подтверждать, обосновывать/ что-л. с помощью /посредством/ арифметики и т.д.; prove smth. beyond a possibility of doubt привести бесспорные доказательства чего-л.
    11. XXV
    prove that... prove that it is true (that 3 and 5 make eight, that I didn't do it, that you read the book carefully, that he is guilty, etc.) доказывать /приводить доказательства того/, что это так /правда/ и т.д.; these figures perfectly (clearly, amply, irrefutably, etc.) prove that... эти цифры служат прекрасным и т.д. доказательством того, что... /ясно и т.д. говорят о том, что.../; prove that black is white and white is black доказывать, что черное prove белое, а белое prove черное

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > prove

  • 17 prove

    [pru:v] v
    1. 1) доказывать

    to prove smb.'s guilt [innocence] - доказать чью-л. вину [чью-л. невиновность]

    it remains to be proved - это ещё не доказано /надо доказать/

    2) удостоверять, подтверждать документами; (за)свидетельствовать

    all the evidence goes to prove that... - все показания свидетельствуют о том /подтверждают/, что...

    2. арх.
    1) испытывать, пробовать

    to prove smb.'s honesty - испытать чью-л. честность

    this he said to prove her - он сказал это, чтобы испытать её

    prove all things; hold fast that which is good - библ. всё испытывайте; хорошего держитесь

    2) спец. подвергать испытанию, испытывать

    to prove a new weapon [a new car model] - испытывать новый вид оружия [новую модель автомашины]

    to prove ore - исследовать руду; проводить анализ руды

    3. оказываться

    to prove (to be) satisfactory [useful, insufficient] - оказаться удовлетворительным [полезным, недостаточным]

    4. показывать; демонстрировать

    to prove oneself - проявлять себя, показывать себя

    he proved himself (to be) a coward - он вёл себя как трус, он оказался трусом

    5. мат. проверять

    the correctness of the subtraction has been proved - правильность вычитания проверена

    6. полигр. получать пробный оттиск
    7. горн. разведывать
    8. кул. производить расстойку ( теста)
    9. испытывать, переживать

    to prove the extreme depths of poverty and sorrow - испытать крайнюю нужду и горе

    НБАРС > prove

  • 18 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 19 prova

    "test;
    Probe;
    prova"
    * * *
    f ( esame) test
    ( tentativo) attempt
    ( testimonianza) proof
    di abito fitting
    sports heat
    theatre prove pl rehearsal sg
    theatre prove pl generali dress rehearsal sg
    banco m di prova test bench
    a prova di bomba bombproof
    salvo prova contraria unless otherwise stated
    per insufficienza di prove for lack of evidence
    mettere alla prova put to the test
    * * *
    prova s.f.
    1 ( dimostrazione) proof; ( elemento, mezzo di prova) evidence [U]: ne abbiamo le prove, we have evidence of it; diede prova di essere un vero amico, he proved to be a real friend; è una prova della sua innocenza, this is a proof of (o this proves) his innocence; voglio la prova di quanto hai detto, I want proof of what you said // dare prova di, to give proof of: ha dato prova di eccellente preparazione, he showed excellent preparation // (dir.): prova diretta, direct evidence; prova indiziaria, indiretta, circumstantial (o indirect) evidence; prova a carico, a discarico, evidence for the prosecution, for the defence; prova per sentito dire, de auditu, hearsay evidence; prova illecita, illegally obtained evidence; prova reale, tangible evidence; prova non rilevante, irrelevant evidence; regole di prova, rules of evidence; il valore ( probante) della prova, the weight of evidence; prova in contrario, evidence to the contrary; la prova riguarda..., the evidence relates to... // fino a prova contraria, until one has proof to the contrary
    2 ( controllo, esperimento) test; trial; ( di dipendente) probation: superare una prova, to pass a test; mettere qlcu. alla prova, to put s.o. to the test (o to test s.o.); sembra buono ma bisogna vederlo alla prova, it looks good on paper but we'll need to see it tested // assumere qlcu. in prova, to take s.o. on for a trial period; il periodo di prova è di tre mesi, the trial period is three months; il nuovo impiegato è ancora in prova, the new clerk is still on probation // (comm.): prova del prodotto, product test; prova di vendita, sales test // (econ.): prova di mercato, market test; prova su zona, area test; prova di produzione, production test
    3 (tecn.) test, trial: prova a fatica, fatigue test; prova all'urto, shock (o impact) test; prova a trazione, tensile test; prova conclusiva, crucial test; prova di affidabilità, reliability test; prova di collaudo, acceptance test; prova di durata, endurance (o life) test; prova di durezza, hardness test; prova di elasticità, elasticity test; prova di laboratorio, laboratory test; prova di pressione, pressure test; prova di sicurezza, safety test; apparecchiatura di prova, test set; banco di prova, testing bench; mettere una macchina in prova, to test a machine // (mecc.): prova al banco, bench test; prova al freno, brake test // (elettr.): prova ad alta tensione, high-voltage test; prova di isolamento, insulation test; prova di rigidità dielettrica, electric strength test // (chim.) prova alla fiamma, flame test // (tess.) prova dei filati, yarn testing // (mar.): prova agli ormeggi, quay trial; prova a tutta forza, full-power trial // (aer.): prova a terra, ground test; prova di volo, flight trial; volo di prova, trial flight // (aut.): prova di consumo, fuel consumption test; prova di velocità, speed test; prova su strada, road test; targa di prova, temporary plate // (mil.) prova di tiro, range trial // (sport) prova di durata, long-distance trial // (inform.): prova del programma, programme checkout; prova automatica, self-test
    4 a prova di, proof (attr.): a prova di bomba, bombproof; a prova di cannone, shellproof; a prova di ruggine, rustproof; a prova di umidità, wetproof
    5 ( scolastica) test, examination: prova orale, oral test (o examination); prova scritta, written test (o examination); sostenere una prova, to take (o to do o to sit for) an examination
    6 (fig.) trial, ordeal: fu una dura prova, it was a severe trial (o ordeal); la sua vita fu piena di prove, his life was full of trials
    7 ( tentativo) try: farò una prova, I shall try; prima di cambiarlo facciamo un'ultima prova, before changing it let's have another try
    8 ( risultato, riuscita) result: dare una buona prova, to give good results
    9 (di abito, durante la confezione) fitting: ho fatto tre prove per questo abito, I've had three fittings for this dress; mettere in prova un abito, to make a dress ready for a fitting
    10 (teatr., mus.) rehearsal: prova generale, dress rehearsal, (mus.) final rehearsal; ogni giorno facciamo tre ore di prova, every day we rehearse for three hours
    11 (tip.) proof: foglio di prova, ( di stampa) specimen page; prima prova, foul (o flat) proof; seconda prova, revise; terza prova, second revise; prova in colonna, galley proof; correggere una prova, to correct a proof; tirare una prova, to pull a proof
    12 (mat.) proof: fa' la prova di questa addizione, check this sum; prova del nove, casting out nines: fare la prova del nove, to cast out nines
    13 ( sportiva) trials (pl.): la prova dei 100 metri, the 100 metres trials; le prove del Gran Premio inizieranno alle 13, the Grand Prix trials will begin at 1 p.m.
    * * *
    ['prɔva]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (dimostrazione) proof U, evidence U

    dare prova di — to show [fermezza, coraggio]

    essere la prova di — to testify to, to bear testimony to [fatto, ostilità]

    dare buona prova di sé — to give a good account of oneself, to acquit oneself well

    2) dir. evidence U, proof; (documento) exhibit
    4) aut. ind. tecn. (collaudo) trial (run)

    prova su strada — road test, test drive

    volo, giro di prova — test flight, run

    fare delle -e — to do o run tests, to test

    6) (verifica) test; (di persona) trial, test

    assumere qcn. in prova — to give sb. a trial, to try sb. (out)

    periodo di prova — trial o probational period

    essere all'altezza della prova — to rise to o meet the challenge

    "uno, due, tre, prova" — "one, two, three, testing"

    mettere alla prova — to (put to the) test, to try [persona, capacità, resistenza]

    mettere a dura prova — to put a strain on, to strain o try [sth.] to the limit [pazienza, rapporto]

    "mettimi alla prova!" — "try me!"

    8) (esame) test, exam(ination)

    - e scritte — written proof o examinations

    9) tip.
    10) (momento difficile) ordeal, hardship
    12) sport event; (prestazione) performance

    prova di velocità, a cronometro — speed, time trial

    13) teatr. mus. rehearsal

    fare le -e — to rehearse, to practise

    14) sart. fitting

    a prova di bomba — [ rifugio] shell-proof; fig. [pazienza, solidità] bombproof

    a prova di scasso — burglar-proof, tamper-proof

    •

    prova a carico — dir. evidence for the prosecution

    prova a discarico — dir. evidence for the defence

    prova d'esame — examination o exam paper

    prova generale — teatr. dress rehearsal, trial run

    prova del nove — mat. casting out nines; fig. litmus test, acid test

    prova di resistenza — sport mil. endurance test

    ••

    a tutta prova — [ coraggio] unflinching

    * * *
    prova
    /'prɔva/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (dimostrazione) proof U, evidence U; dare prova di to show [fermezza, coraggio]; essere la prova di to testify to, to bear testimony to [fatto, ostilità]; è la prova che it's a sure sign that; dare buona prova di sé to give a good account of oneself, to acquit oneself well; fino a prova contraria until proved otherwise
     2 dir. evidence U, proof; (documento) exhibit; una prova a piece of evidence; insufficienza di -e insufficient evidence
     3 mat. (operazione di verifica) proof
     4 aut. ind. tecn. (collaudo) trial (run); fare delle -e to run trials; il nuovo modello è in prova the new model is undergoing trials; prova su strada road test, test drive; volo, giro di prova test flight, run
     5 (esperimento) test; fare delle -e to do o run tests, to test; prova di laboratorio laboratory test
     6 (verifica) test; (di persona) trial, test; assumere qcn. in prova to give sb. a trial, to try sb. (out); periodo di prova trial o probational period; essere all'altezza della prova to rise to o meet the challenge; "uno, due, tre, prova" "one, two, three, testing"; mettere alla prova to (put to the) test, to try [persona, capacità, resistenza]; mettere a dura prova to put a strain on, to strain o try [sth.] to the limit [pazienza, rapporto]; ho bisogno di un lavoro che mi metta alla prova I need a job that stretches o challenges me; "mettimi alla prova!" "try me!"
     7 (tentativo) try; fare una prova to have a try
     8 (esame) test, exam(ination); prova orale oral examination; - e scritte written proof o examinations
     9 tip. prova di stampa proof
     10 (momento difficile) ordeal, hardship; superare una prova to go through an ordeal
     11 (manifestazione) prova d'amore demonstration of love; come prova della sua amicizia as a pledge of her friendship
     12 sport event; (prestazione) performance; - e eliminatorie heats; prova di velocità, a cronometro speed, time trial
     13 teatr. mus. rehearsal; fare le -e to rehearse, to practise
     14 sart. fitting; cabina o camerino di prova changing o fitting room
     15 a prova di a prova di bomba [ rifugio] shell-proof; fig. [pazienza, solidità] bombproof; a prova di scasso burglar-proof, tamper-proof
    a tutta prova [ coraggio] unflinching
    \
    prova d'acquisto proof of purchase; prova a carico dir. evidence for the prosecution; prova a discarico dir. evidence for the defence; prova d'esame examination o exam paper; prova generale teatr. dress rehearsal, trial run; prova del nove mat. casting out nines; fig. litmus test, acid test; prova di resistenza sport mil. endurance test.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > prova

  • 20 разведанные запасы

    2) Mining: known reserves
    4) Business: shown reserves
    5) Oil&Gas technology discovered reserves
    6) Sakhalin R: actual reserves

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > разведанные запасы

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  • France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… …   Universalium

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  • Europe, history of — Introduction       history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …   Universalium

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